CHINA – Datong


My Journey Route In China Over The Past 3 Weeks

Suggest a weekend of travelling to Datong and almost every Chinese man will screw up his face. Ye Dirty Olde Coal Town is officially China’s 4th most polluted city and is just down the road from the world’s most polluted, Linfen. But with a history spanning 22 centuries, including two as the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, there is much more to Shanxi Province’s City of Coal than soot-swathed buildings. There’s a 1,500 year-old temple that hangs from a cliff face, China’s oldest and tallest wooden structure and caves chock-full of tens of thousands of ancient Buddha statues – some rivalling even those on the banks of the River Nile for scale and awe.

Datong sprawls across a coal-rich basin surrounded on three sides by golden-coloured mountains. The settlement was founded around 200BC and grew as a thriving pit stop for camel caravans transporting their wares north to Mongolia. At its peak as the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty from 366-494, Datong saw many labourers construct some of China’s most magnificent sites.

Xuan Kong Si Hanging Temple
I’m not normally one to quiver at heights, but delicately treading along the Hanging Temple’s mid-air walkways, I felt a slight sensation of Acrophobia. It may’ve been the much-lower-than-usual handrails, but it was most likely the sheer 17-story drop to the meadow below.

Construction of the temple began in 490A.D. by a single monk – a very brave monk – called Liao Ran. In the years that followed, it was extended and repaired to what is now more than 40 rooms, linked with walkways, precariously perched 50 metres (164 feet) above the grass.

In addition to the 1,520 year-old engineering masterpiece, the complex has plenty of statues from different dynasties and religions including Confucian, Taoist and Buddhism. As a bonus, there’re a few tourists to provide entertainment (including Sherine and me), nervously clinging on to whatever they can while posing for photos.

Yungang Grottoes
Datong’s most polished and celebrated attraction is the magnificent Yungang Grottoes complex. 2,400 years ago devout Buddhists started chipping away at a sandstone cliff just outside of Datong, creating caves full of Buddha and Bodhisattva statutes. The art caught on and there are now 51,000 carved statues from 4cm (1 ½ inches) to 17 metres (56 feet) tall throughout the 53 caverns. The UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the three most famous sites in China for ancient Buddhist art.

The caves are carved along about a kilometre (0.6 miles) of cliff face and sit amongst massive landscaped grounds. Although pilgrims removed the odd statue, the Red Army beheaded a few Buddhas during the Cultural Revolution and the occasional traveller has left graffiti, the ancient cultural relics are in mint condition, having been thoughtfully restored with no expense spared. Wandering around the complex under clear blue skies, I was amazed how little I had heard about this genuinely world class site.

Datong’s appeal doesn’t end with its golden days of ancients times; one of its most loved attractions is much more recent. I’d put Datong high on the list of places to visit in China. As an easy 8-hour train ride from Tianjin, it’s not far off the well-trodden triangle of Shanghai – Xian – Beijing, but a little more personal.

Facebook, and Zuckerberg, embark on mega-IPO

The news has finally arrived. The moment that we have been waiting for. Ladies and gentlemen, i give you…THE FACEBOOK IPO.

Facebook filed papers on Wednesday to raise at least $5 billion in one of the most hotly anticipated IPOs of the decade. Below is the email blast i received as a potential investor from Facebook Founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg:

Facebook was not originally created to be a company. It was built to accomplish a social mission – to make the world more open and connected.

We think it’s important that everyone who invests in Facebook understands what this mission means to us, how we make decisions and why we do the things we do. I will try to outline our approach in this letter.

At Facebook, we’re inspired by technologies that have revolutionized how people spread and consume information. We often talk about inventions like the printing press and the television – by simply making communication more efficient, they led to a complete transformation of many important parts of society. They gave more people a voice. They encouraged progress. They changed the way society was organized. They brought us closer together.

Today, our society has reached another tipping point. We live at a moment when the majority of people in the world have access to the internet or mobile phones – the raw tools necessary to start sharing what they’re thinking, feeling and doing with whomever they want. Facebook aspires to build the services that give people the power to share and help them once again transform many of our core institutions and industries.

There is a huge need and a huge opportunity to get everyone in the world connected, to give everyone a voice and to help transform society for the future. The scale of the technology and infrastructure that must be built is unprecedented, and we believe this is the most important problem we can focus on.

We hope to strengthen how people relate to each other.

Even if our mission sounds big, it starts small – with the relationship between two people.

Personal relationships are the fundamental unit of our society. Relationships are how we discover new ideas, understand our world and ultimately derive long-term happiness.

At Facebook, we build tools to help people connect with the people they want and share what they want, and by doing this we are extending people’s capacity to build and maintain relationships.

People sharing more – even if just with their close friends or families – creates a more open culture and leads to a better understanding of the lives and perspectives of others. We believe that this creates a greater number of stronger relationships between people, and that it helps people get exposed to a greater number of diverse perspectives.

By helping people form these connections, we hope to rewire the way people spread and consume information. We think the world’s information infrastructure should resemble the social graph – a network built from the bottom up or peer-to-peer, rather than the monolithic, top-down structure that has existed to date. We also believe that giving people control over what they share is a fundamental principle of this rewiring.

We have already helped more than 800 million people map out more than 100 billion connections so far, and our goal is to help this rewiring accelerate.

We hope to improve how people connect to businesses and the economy.

We think a more open and connected world will help create a stronger economy with more authentic businesses that build better products and services.

As people share more, they have access to more opinions from the people they trust about the products and services they use. This makes it easier to discover the best products and improve the quality and efficiency of their lives.

One result of making it easier to find better products is that businesses will be rewarded for building better products – ones that are personalized and designed around people. We have found that products that are “social by design” tend to be more engaging than their traditional counterparts, and we look forward to seeing more of the world’s products move in this direction.

Our developer platform has already enabled hundreds of thousands of businesses to build higher-quality and more social products. We have seen disruptive new approaches in industries like games, music and news, and we expect to see similar disruption in more industries by new approaches that are social by design.

In addition to building better products, a more open world will also encourage businesses to engage with their customers directly and authentically. More than four million businesses have Pages on Facebook that they use to have a dialogue with their customers. We expect this trend to grow as well.

We hope to change how people relate to their governments and social institutions.

We believe building tools to help people share can bring a more honest and transparent dialogue around government that could lead to more direct empowerment of people, more accountability for officials and better solutions to some of the biggest problems of our time.

By giving people the power to share, we are starting to see people make their voices heard on a different scale from what has historically been possible. These voices will increase in number and volume. They cannot be ignored. Over time, we expect governments will become more responsive to issues and concerns raised directly by all their people rather than through intermediaries controlled by a select few.

Through this process, we believe that leaders will emerge across all countries who are pro-internet and fight for the rights of their people, including the right to share what they want and the right to access all information that people want to share with them.

Finally, as more of the economy moves towards higher-quality products that are personalized, we also expect to see the emergence of new services that are social by design to address the large worldwide problems we face in job creation, education and health care. We look forward to doing what we can to help this progress.

Our Mission and Our Business

As I said above, Facebook was not originally founded to be a company. We’ve always cared primarily about our social mission, the services we’re building and the people who use them. This is a different approach for a public company to take, so I want to explain why I think it works.

I started off by writing the first version of Facebook myself because it was something I wanted to exist. Since then, most of the ideas and code that have gone into Facebook have come from the great people we’ve attracted to our team.

Most great people care primarily about building and being a part of great things, but they also want to make money. Through the process of building a team – and also building a developer community, advertising market and investor base – I’ve developed a deep appreciation for how building a strong company with a strong economic engine and strong growth can be the best way to align many people to solve important problems.

Simply put: we don’t build services to make money; we make money to build better services.

And we think this is a good way to build something. These days I think more and more people want to use services from companies that believe in something beyond simply maximizing profits.

By focusing on our mission and building great services, we believe we will create the most value for our shareholders and partners over the long term – and this in turn will enable us to keep attracting the best people and building more great services. We don’t wake up in the morning with the primary goal of making money, but we understand that the best way to achieve our mission is to build a strong and valuable company.

This is how we think about our IPO as well. We’re going public for our employees and our investors. We made a commitment to them when we gave them equity that we’d work hard to make it worth a lot and make it liquid, and this IPO is fulfilling our commitment. As we become a public company, we’re making a similar commitment to our new investors and we will work just as hard to fulfill it.

The Hacker Way

As part of building a strong company, we work hard at making Facebook the best place for great people to have a big impact on the world and learn from other great people. We have cultivated a unique culture and management approach that we call the Hacker Way.

The word “hacker” has an unfairly negative connotation from being portrayed in the media as people who break into computers. In reality, hacking just means building something quickly or testing the boundaries of what can be done. Like most things, it can be used for good or bad, but the vast majority of hackers I’ve met tend to be idealistic people who want to have a positive impact on the world.

The Hacker Way is an approach to building that involves continuous improvement and iteration. Hackers believe that something can always be better, and that nothing is ever complete. They just have to go fix it – often in the face of people who say it’s impossible or are content with the status quo.

Hackers try to build the best services over the long term by quickly releasing and learning from smaller iterations rather than trying to get everything right all at once. To support this, we have built a testing framework that at any given time can try out thousands of versions of Facebook. We have the words “Done is better than perfect” painted on our walls to remind ourselves to always keep shipping.

Hacking is also an inherently hands-on and active discipline. Instead of debating for days whether a new idea is possible or what the best way to build something is, hackers would rather just prototype something and see what works. There’s a hacker mantra that you’ll hear a lot around Facebook offices: “Code wins arguments.”

Hacker culture is also extremely open and meritocratic. Hackers believe that the best idea and implementation should always win – not the person who is best at lobbying for an idea or the person who manages the most people.

To encourage this approach, every few months we have a hackathon, where everyone builds prototypes for new ideas they have. At the end, the whole team gets together and looks at everything that has been built. Many of our most successful products came out of hackathons, including Timeline, chat, video, our mobile development framework and some of our most important infrastructure like the HipHop compiler.

To make sure all our engineers share this approach, we require all new engineers – even managers whose primary job will not be to write code – to go through a program called Bootcamp where they learn our codebase, our tools and our approach. There are a lot of folks in the industry who manage engineers and don’t want to code themselves, but the type of hands-on people we’re looking for are willing and able to go through Bootcamp.

The examples above all relate to engineering, but we have distilled these principles into five core values for how we run Facebook:

Focus on Impact

If we want to have the biggest impact, the best way to do this is to make sure we always focus on solving the most important problems. It sounds simple, but we think most companies do this poorly and waste a lot of time. We expect everyone at Facebook to be good at finding the biggest problems to work on.

Move Fast

Moving fast enables us to build more things and learn faster. However, as most companies grow, they slow down too much because they’re more afraid of making mistakes than they are of losing opportunities by moving too slowly. We have a saying: “Move fast and break things.” The idea is that if you never break anything, you’re probably not moving fast enough.

Be Bold

Building great things means taking risks. This can be scary and prevents most companies from doing the bold things they should. However, in a world that’s changing so quickly, you’re guaranteed to fail if you don’t take any risks. We have another saying: “The riskiest thing is to take no risks.” We encourage everyone to make bold decisions, even if that means being wrong some of the time.

Be Open

We believe that a more open world is a better world because people with more information can make better decisions and have a greater impact. That goes for running our company as well. We work hard to make sure everyone at Facebook has access to as much information as possible about every part of the company so they can make the best decisions and have the greatest impact.

Build Social Value

Once again, Facebook exists to make the world more open and connected, and not just to build a company. We expect everyone at Facebook to focus every day on how to build real value for the world in everything they do.

Thanks for taking the time to read this letter. We believe that we have an opportunity to have an important impact on the world and build a lasting company in the process. I look forward to building something great together.

Mark Zuckerberg

GERMANY – Frankfurt

Frankfurt, the fifth largest city in Germany, is not the most exciting city (to me, Berlin holds that title). However, its prominence as an important financial, communications, and transportation hub means that I have stopped by for a few times, in hourly or daily increments.

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Highlights:
Main Tower: This is a viewing platform on the top of one of the city’s many skyscrapers. This is a great chance to get some nice panoramic photos of the city, which is just what I did.

Museumsufer: There are plenty of good museums in Frankfurt; many of them are part of the Museumsufer along the south bank of the Main River.

Hauptbahnhof area: The area just east of the Hauptbahnhof (central train station) is colorful but a bit seedy, as the red light district is located here. An amalgam of cheap foreign eateries and stores intermingle with sleazy sex shops.

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Quick Tips/Suggestions:
Weather: A city where everything works and life is quite predictable. One thing that’s not – the weather. No matter what time of year you are visiting, it is best to pack a light raincoat. If you are there during the winter months, when there is always a chance of snow, you will need heavy clothes. Summers are usually warm, but not oppressively so. Nevertheless, beyond the weather elements there are elements in the city that make it enjoyable to visit and perhaps even stay.

Beer: Let’s not forget one thing Germans are famous for – BEER! The regional beer is quite good, and should be ordered with every meal (okay, maybe not breakfast.)

Speed Limit: Some of you may find this surprising…in Germany, there is no speed limit on their “autobahn” (highways). In fact you will be cautioned by police if you drive too slow. Isn’t it great!!

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Best Way to Get Around:
Trains: Take the train! Take the train! Take the train! Local, regional, intercity, or international.

Bus: In between take the inexpensive, convenient, and very available city bus service that links with the trains of the inner city.

Metro: Do not forget the subway headquartered in the Main Station, which co-ordinates all parts of the city.

On Feet: When the September sun sparkles in a cobalt blue sky, walking can be the most pleasant and informative way to go. Up close and personal!

AUSTRALIA – Canberra

Canberra is often described by Australians who haven’t been there as a boring town, full of politicians, bureaucrats – and not much else. But those who go there find beautiful galleries and museums clustered around a lake and cupped in bushland. One of only two capital cities in the world that have been built to a premeditated design, Canberra is rather eerily symmetrical. Placed about its nice, planned combinations of straight and curving streets are the old and new Parliament Houses, the National Gallery, and the National Museum.

I’ve always had a soft spot for Canberra having gone to a university in New South Wales. Canberra is never a MISS if you are planning to bring your guests for a day tour or a SPRING season break. There is plenty of Bryson’s parkland and once all the politicians jet home for the weekend, it’s a very livable city. One thing I can never understand is why it has such a large concentration of “Nationals”: the National Library, National Museum and, more recently, National Museum of Australia. All fine institutions and worth the taxpayers busks, but why are they in a city that’s mutually difficult to get to for both Sydney and Melbourne? But it’s not all bad in the ‘berra. Once you find these Nationals they’re rich treasure troves.

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The ACT is 80km (50mi) from north to south and is about 30km (19mi) wide. It is landlocked within the mountainous terrain of southeastern New South Wales, 305km (190mi) from Sydney by road. Canberra and its surrounding suburbs are in the northeast of the territory, while the Namadgi National Park occupies the whole southwestern area. The population grew from 50,000 in 1960 to 100,000 in 1967 and has soared to more than 300,000 today.

Canberra is arranged around the artificial Lake Burley Griffin. In the peculiarly named central business district, Civic, on the northern side of the lake, are the shops, businesses, university and suburbs such as Reid, Braddon, Turner and Acton. Parliamentary and other administrative buildings are located to the south of the lake, surrounded by suburbs such as Parkes, Barton, Forrest, Deakin and Yarralumla (home to the prime minister, when he deigns to tear himself away from Sydney, and the governor-general). Canberra is also surrounded by the satellite towns of Woden, Belconnen and Tuggeranong.

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Canberra’s airport is about 7km (4mi) southeast of the city. Interstate buses arrive at the Jolimont Centre, which is in the centre of Civic. The railway station is in Kingston, on the south side of the lake. Most shops and restaurants are in Civic and Manuka, also just south of the lake, with a few cafes sprinkled through the inner suburbs. Each satellite town has its own charming mall. Civic is also the centre of Canberra’s nightlife, which is somewhat more lively than its reputation suggests.

Getting Around
Public transport in Canberra means the ACTION bus service (popular tourist buses covering most sights include Nos 33, 34, 40 and 80), which runs regular routes throughout Canberra and is a relatively cheap way to get around. ACTION’s Flexibus evening service will, incredibly, veer off the set route to go as close to its passenger’s destination as possible. They will also come and collect you if you call (13 17 10). The airport is 7km (4mi) southeast of the city centre. A shuttle minibus runs to the Jolimont Centre in town and to various hotels.

Another good way to see Canberra is by bicycle; Canberra has an excellent network of bike paths.

For more Canberra photos, please Click Here…

ENGLAND – Banbury

Banbury is the main town serving North Oxfordshire. It is a very small town with a population of approx. 40,000 people and is twinned with Ermont in France and Hennef in Germany. The M40 highway which connected to Banbury in 1990, now provides easy access to London, Birmingham and the North and has made Banbury a very desirable town to be situated in.

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Highlights:
There are a number of small and independent shops in the town centre as well as the big chains you can find in any town. There is a market on Thursdays and Saturdays as well as a Farmers Market on the First Friday of Every Month.

The Banbury Cross, which is located on a roundabout in the middle of the town, was erected in 1859 to celebrate the wedding of Prince Frederick of Prussia to his bride, the original cross having been pulled down some 250 years earlier.

Banbury Cakes, a special fruit and pastry cake, are still produced. At one time they were being sent as far afield as Australia, India and America.

Best Way to Get Around:
Bicycle: The best way to get around Banbury town will be bicycle.

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